Regarding the origins of the name "Bandung", put forward various opinions. Some say that, the word "Bandung" in Sundanese, identical with the word "appeal" in Indonesian, means side by side. Ngabanding (Sunda) means adjoining or adjacent. This is partly expressed in the Great Dictionary of Indonesian publications Balai Pustaka (1994) and Sundanese-Indonesian dictionary published by Pustaka Setia (1996), that the word pairs and bandung means also means side by side. Another opinion says that the word "bandung" implies a large or widespread. The word is derived from fish. In Sundanese, means ngabandeng large puddle of water and look cool, but it seemed creepy. Allegedly said the fish were then changed the sound of a Bandung. There is another opinion that states that the word comes from the word Bandung dam. Opinions about the origin and meaning of the word Bandung, apparently related to the incident terbendungnya ancient Citarum River in the area Padalarang by Parahu Tangkuban lava that erupted during the Holocene (± 6000 years ago). As a result, the area between Padalarang until Cicalengka (± 30 kilometers) and the area between Parahu Tangkuban until Soreang (± 50 km) submerged into a large lake which became known as Lake Bandung or Bandung Ancient Lakes. Based on the results of geological research, Bandung lake water is estimated to run out during the Neolithic (± 8000 to 7000 BCE). The process of decline of lake waters took place gradually in time for centuries. Historically, the word or name Bandung becoming known in the area since the former lake district government stood bandung (about the third decade of the 17th century). Thus, as the Lake of Bandung to the lake that takes place after the establishment of Bandung regency. Establishment Regency Bandung Before Regency Bandung stood, Bandung area known as the "Tatar Measure". According to the script Sadjarah Bandung, Bandung stood before the District, including the Tatar Measure is the capital of the Kingdom Timbanganten with Tegalluar. The kingdom is under the domination of the Kingdom of Sunda-Pajajaran. Since the mid-15th century, the Kingdom Timbanganten hereditary ruled by King Pandaan Measure, Dipati Great, and Dipati Ukur. In the reign of Dipati Ukur, Tatar Ukur is a wide area, covering most areas of West Java, consisting of nine areas, called "Measure Sasanga". After the Empire collapsed Sunda-Pajajaran (1579/1580) due to movements in an attempt banten forces spread of Islam in West Java, Tatar Ukur be Sumedanglarang Kingdom's territory, the successor of the Kingdom of Padjadjaran. Sumedanglarang Kingdom was founded and was first ruled by King Geusan Ulun on (1580-1608), with its capital in Kutamaya, located somewhere west of the city Sumedang now. The kingdom's territory includes the area later called Priangan, except Galuh area (now called Ciamis). When the Kingdom of Sumedang Disallow Suriadiwangsa governed by Raden, stepson of rtu Geusan Ulun Harisbaya, Sumedanglarang into Mataram territory since 1620. Since then the status was changed from Sumedanglarang kingdom into districts with the name Sumedang District. Mataram make Priangan as a defense area in the west against possible attacks Banten forces and / or the Company that are based in Batavia, because of Mataram under Sultan Agung's reign (1613-1645) hostile to the Company and the conflict with the Sultanate of Banten. To supervise Priangan region, Sultan Agung raised Raden Aria Wedana Suradiwangsa into Regent (Regent Head) in Priangan (1620-1624), with the title of Prince Rangga Gempol Kusumadinata, known as Rangga Gempol I. Year 1624 the great Emperor ordered Rangga Gempol I to conquer the Sampang (Madura). Therefore, the Regent position Wedana Priangan Rangga represented by the younger prince Dipati Gempol I Rangga Gede. Not long after the Prince Dipati Rangga Gede served as a Regent Wedana, Sumedang attacked by forces of Banten. Since most forces left Sumedang Sampang, Prince Dipati Rangga Gede can not cope with such attacks. As a result, he received political sanctions from Sultan Agung. Prince Dipati Rangga Gede arrested in Mataram. Regent Position Priangan Wedana submitted to Dipati Ukur, with the condition that he could seize power Batavia of the Company. Year 1628 Sultan Agung Dipati Ukur ordered troops to assist the Company in Mataram attacks Batavia. But the attack failed. Dipati Ukur realized that as a consequence of the failure he will be punished as received by the Prince Dipati Rangga big, or a more severe punishment again. Therefore Dipati Ukur and their followers rebel against Mataram. After the attack on the Company failed, they did not come to Mataram reported job failures. Dipati Ukur action was considered by the Mataram as a rebellion against the ruler of the kingdom of Mataram. Dipati Ukur occurrence of defiance and his followers made possible, partly because of the Mataram difficult to monitor directly Priangan area, due to the distance between the center of Mataram Kingdom in the Priangan. Theoretically, if the area is very far from the center of power, the power center in the area is very weak. However, thanks to the help of some local chief in Priangan, the Mataram can finally Dipati Ukur rebellion. According Sumedang History (Chronicle), Dipati Ukur caught in Mount Barn (Bandung district) in the year 1632. After the "rebellion" Dipati Ukur considered ended, Sultan Agung handed back office to the Regent Prince Wedana Priangan Dipati Rangga Gede who has been freed from punishment. It also carried out the reorganization of government in Priangan to stabilize the situation and condition of the area. Priangan areas outside Galuh Sumedang and divided into three districts, namely Bandung District, County and District Parakanmuncang Sukapura raised by the three regional heads of Priangan which is considered to have contributed to quell the rebellion Dipati Ukur. The third person is referred to the regional head of Ki Astamanggala, banners appointed orderly Cihaurbeuti great (regent) Bandung with a degree Tumenggung Wiraangunangun, as regent Tanubaya Ngabehi Parakanmuncang and Wirawangsa as regent with the title Tumenggung Sukapura Wiradadaha. All three men were sworn in together on the basis of "Piagem Sultan Agung", issued on Saturday the 9th of Muharam Year Alip (Javanese calendar). Thus, on 9 Muharam Year Alip not just an anniversary of Bandung Kabupagten but at the same time as the anniversary of District and County Sukapura Parakanmuncang. Establishment Regency Bandung, Bandung area means there is a change, especially in the area of government. Area which was originally a part (subordinates) of the royal government (Kingdom of Sunda-Pajararan then Sumedanglarang) with unclear status, turned into an area with a clear administrative sttus, namely the district. After three regents are elected at the center of government of Mataram, they returned to their respective regions. Sadjarah Bandung (manuscript) mentions that the Regent Bandung Tumeggung Wiraangunangun Mataram and his family from returning to the Tatar Measure. The first time they come to Timbanganten. There regent Bandung get 200 count. Next Tumenanggung Wiraangunangun Krapyak with people to build, a place located on the shores near the mouth of the Citarum Sungat Cikapundung River, (the suburbs south of Bandung District) as the capital district. As the district's central Bandung, Krapyak and the surrounding area is called the Earth kur Gede. Bandung District administrative area under the influence of Mataram (until the end of the 17th century), not known for certain, because the source data containing accurate about it has not been found. According to native sources, the early stages of data Bandung regency covers several areas including Tatar Measure, including the area Timbanganten, Kuripan, Sagaraherang, and some Tanahmedang. Possibly, regions outside Priangan Sumedang Regency, Parakanmuncang, Sukapura and Galuh, which originally was a Tatar territory Measure (Measure Sasanga) in the reign Dipati Ukur, an administrative area of Bandung regency at that time. If the allegations are true, then the capital of Bandung regency Krapyak, its territory includes the area Timbanganten, Gandasoli, Adiarsa, Cabangbungin, Banjaran, Cipeujeuh, Majalaya, Cisondari, cavity, Kopo, Ujungberung and others, including area Kuripan, Sagaraherang and Tanahmedang. Regency Bandung as one of the District Government established the kingdom of Mataram, and under the influence of the monarch, the system of government in Bandung Regency has a system of government of Mataram. Regent has a variety of symbol of greatness, special guards and armed soldiers. Symbols and attributes that add large and strong power and influence over people Bupti. The amount of power and influence of regents, among others, indicated by the possession of privileges that ordinary dmiliki by the king. The rights referred to is the right to pass title, only levy taxes in the form of money and goods, just get labor (ngawula), the right to hunt and catch fish and the right to judge. With very limited direct supervision of the rulers of Mataram, it is no wonder if this time the Regent and Regent Bandung Priangan particularly powerful as the king generally. He have complete control over the people and region. Pemerinatahn System regent and lifestyle is a miniature of palace life. In conducting its duties, regent assisted by subordinate officials, such as the grand vizier, prosecutors, penghulu, village headman or chief cutak (district head), the subdistrict head (chief assistant district), patinggi (headman or village headman) and others. Bandung regency under the influence of Mataram until the end of 1677. Then fell the hands Bandung Regency Company. It happened due to the agreement, the Company Mataram (first agreement) on 19-20 October 1677. Under the authority of the Company (1677-1799), regent of Bandung and other Regent Priangan remain domiciled as the supreme authority in the district, with no bureaucratic ties with the Company. District government system basically unchanged, because the Company had only demanded that the regents recognize the power of the Company, with a guaranteed sell-the results of certain agricultural products to the VOC. In this district should not make political and trade relations with other parties. One thing that changed was the position wedana regents eliminated. In exchange, the Company raised Aria Cirebon Prince as a supervisor (opzigter) Cirebon region-Priangan (Cheribonsche Preangerlandan). One of the primary obligations of regents of the Company is to carry out compulsory planting certain crops, especially coffee, and submit the results. Planting system called Preangerstelsel mandatory. Meanwhile, the regent must maintain security and order his territory. Regent also may not appoint or dismiss employees without consideration of subordinates regent regent ruler of the Company or the Company in Cirebon. In order to implement obligations regents latter well, the influence of the regent in the field of religion, including the income from that area, like the penis nature, not to be disturbed both regents and the people (farmers) get paid on the transfer of the amount of coffee is determined by the Company. Until the end of the Company's year-end 1779 the East India Company, Bandung regency capital is Krapyak. During the Bandung regency ruled by hereditary regents six people. Tumenggung Wiraangunangun (the first district) Mataram ankatan ruling until the year 1681. Five other regents were of regent force Tumenggung Ardikusumah Company who ruled in 1681-1704, Tumenggung Anggadireja I (1704-1747), Tumenggung Anggadireja II (1747-1763), R. Anggadireja III with a degree R.A. Wiranatakusumah I (1763-1794) and R.A. Wiranatakusumah II who ruled from 1794 until 1829. In the reign of regents R.A. Wiranatakusumah II, the capital of Bandung regency Karapyak moved to Bandung. Bandung establishment When the Bandung regency led by the Regent Wiranatakusumah RA II, the power of the Company on the archipelago over from bankrupt VOC (December 1799). Power in the next Nusantara was taken over by the Government of the Netherlands East Indies with the first Governor-General Herman Willem Daendels (1808-1811). In line with the change of power in the Dutch East Indies, situations and conditions change Bandung regency. Changes in the first place is the transfer of the capital district of the southern part of Krapyak in Bandung area to the city of Bandung which was; etak in the middle of the district area. Between January 1800 until the end of December 1807 in the archipelago in general and Java in particular, a foreign power vacuum occurs (colonial), because although the Governor-General of the Company is still there, but he had no power. For the regents, during the vacuum power means the loss of the burden of obligations that must be fulfilled for the benefit of a foreign ruler (colonizers). As such, they can devote attention to the interests of local government respectively. This may occur also in Bandung Regency. According to the script Sadjarah Bandung, 1809 in Bandung Regent Wiranatakusumah II along with some people moving from Karapyak into northern areas of land would be the capital. At that time the land would still be the city of Bandung forest, but in the north of the existing settlements, namely Cikapundung Kolot Village, Village Cikalintu, and Kampung Bogor. According to these texts, Regent R.A. Wiranatakusumah II moved to the city of Bandung after he settled in temporary shelters for two and a half years. Originally regents living in Cikalintu (Cipaganti area) and then he moved Balubur Lower. When he inaugurated the construction Deandels Cikapundung bridge (bridge at Jl. Asia and Africa now near Building PLN), Regent of Bandung was there. Deandels with Regent over the bridge and then they walked to the east to somewhere (in front of the Office of Public Works Jl. Asia Africa now). In place a stick stuck deandels saying: "Zorg, dat als ik terug kom hier een stad is gebouwd!" (Try, if I come back here, a city has been built! ". Deandels apparently wants Bandung city center was built in the place. As a follow-up of what she said, asking Deandels Regent Bandung and Parakanmuncang to move the capital of each district near Jalan Raya Pos. Deandels request was conveyed through a letter dated May 25, 1810. beauty to the city of Bandung Regency Bandung in conjunction with the appointment of a Vice Regent Raden Parakanmuncang Suria. Both momentum are confirmed by Besluit (decree) dated 25 September 1810. This date is also the date of Decree (Besluit), the formal judicial (dejure) stipulated as the city of Bandung. May be regents began domiciled in Bandung after the first there stood the district hall building. No doubt the district hall is the first building built for the center of Bandung regency government activities. Based on data from various sources, the development of Bandung completely done by a number of people under the leadership of Regent Bandung RA Wiranatakusumah II. Therefore, it can be said that the regents RA Wiranatakusumah II is the founder of (the founding fathers) city of Bandung. Bandung and the development of a strategic location in the middle of Priangan, have led to the idea of the Dutch East Indies government in 1856 to move the capital city of Cianjur Keresiden Priangan to Bandung. The idea was for a variety of new things realized in the year 1864. Based Besluit Governor-General dated August 7, 1864 No.18, Bandung defined as the central government Priangan Prefecture. Thus, since then the city of Bandung has a dual function, namely as the Capital District as well as the capital of Bandung Priangan Prefecture. At that time the regent of Bandung is RA Wiranatakusumah IV (1846-1874). In line with the development of its functions, constructed in the city of Bandung in the residency building Cicendo (now the Home Office of the Governor of West Java) and a government hotel. The building was completed residency in 1867. The development occurred after the Bandung railway transport operations to and from the city of Bandung since 1884. Because the city of Bandung serves as the central railway transport activities "West Lin", it has encouraged the development of life in the city of Bandung with the increased population from year to year. In the late 19th century, the population of Europe group number has reached thousands of people and the demands of autonomous institutions that can take care of their interests. Meanwhile, the central government realized the failure of highly centralized implementation of the following effects. Therefore, the government until the policy to replace the system with a decentralized system of government, decentralization not only financially, but also decentralization granting autonomy in areas of governance (zelfbestuur) In this case, Bandung regency government under the leadership of Regent Martanagara RAA (1893-1918) welcomed the idea of the colonial government. Ongoing self-governing in Bandung, means the district received a special budget fund from the previous colonial government did not exist. Based on the Decentralization Act (Decentralisatiewet) issued in 1903 and the decree on decentralization (Decentralisasi Besluit) and the Local Council Ordinance (Ordinance Raden Locale) since April 1st 1906 set as the gemeente (municipality) is self-governing otonomom. Statutes that strengthen the function of the city of Bandung as the center of government, especially the Dutch colonial government in Bandung. Originally Gemeente Bandung Led by the Assistant Resident Priangan as Chairman of the City Council (Gemeenteraad), but since the year 1913 led by burgemeester gemeente (mayor). By: A. Sobana Hardjasaputra
